Mr Albert Chua joined the Administrative Service of the Singapore Civil Service and was appointed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in June 1992. He served as the Deputy Trade Representative at the Singapore Trade Office in Taipei from March 1994 to February 1997. He was the Deputy Director of Policy Planning and Analysis Directorate II and later Senior Deputy Director of Directorate III from February to November 1997. Mr Chua was appointed the Acting Director of Directorate III in December 1997 and became its Director on 1 July 1998.

In June 1999, Mr Chua embarked on a Master in Public Administration programme at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University . Upon completion of studies in July 2000, he returned to Singapore and was appointed Director of Directorate III and the International Economics Directorate. He was appointed as the Deputy Secretary (Policy) in August 2001. In March 2004, Mr Chua was appointed as the Principal Private Secretary to then Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong and became the Principal Private Secretary to Senior Minister Goh from August 2004 to September 2007. From 1 October 2007 to 12 March 2008, Mr Chua assumed the appointment of Deputy Secretary (Special Duties) in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Mr Chua has served as Board Member of the National Heritage Board and as Council Member of the National Arts Council. Mr Chua is currently a member of the Singapore Management University 's Board of Trustees.

Mr Chua is married to Ms Patricia Lam. They have a daughter, Kiera Chua Yi Xin.